General Materials:
• ICE Database 2019: Embodied CO2e of Aggregate & Sand, Virgin, Land Won & Marine = 4.93kgCO2e/t
• ICE Database 2011: Embodied CO2e of Polyurethane = 3,760kgCO2e/t
• ICE Database 2019: Embodied CO2e of Polyethylene = 2,540kgCO2e/t
• ICE Database 2019: Embodied CO2e of Rubber = 2,850kgCO2e/t
• ICE Database 2011: Embodied CO2e of Steel (UK General – Virgin) = 2,890kgCO2e/t
• ICE Database 2011: Embodied CO2e of Steel (UK General – Recycled) = 470kgCO2e/t
• ICE Database 2011: Embodied CO2e of Steel (UK Average) = 1,460kgCO2e/t
Binders:
• ICE Database 2019: Embodied CO2e of Cement, General, UK Average Blended = 832kgCO2e/t
• ICE Database 2019: Embodied CO2e of Cement, CEM1 Ordinary Portland Cement = 912kgCO2e/t
• ICE Database 2019: Embodied CO2e of GGBS = 83kgCO2e/t
• ICE Database 2019: Embodied CO2e of Ground Limestone = 32kgCO2e/t
Electricity:
• DEFRA 2023 GHG Conversion Factors UK Grid Electricity + Transmission & Dist. = 0.225kgCO2e/kWh
• DEFRA 2022 GHG Conversion Factors UK Grid Electricity + Transmission & Dist. = 0.211kgCO2e/kWh
• DEFRA 2021 GHG Conversion Factors UK Grid Electricity + Transmission & Dist. = 0.232kgCO2e/kWh
• DEFRA 2020 GHG Conversion Factors UK Grid Electricity + Transmission & Dist. = 0.253kgCO2e/kWh
• DEFRA 2019 GHG Conversion Factors UK Grid Electricity + Transmission & Dist. = 0.277kgCO2e/kWh
• Interactive Carbonbrief 2008 Figure – How UK Transformed Electricity Supply Decade = 0.495kgCO2/kWh
Sheets of Paper in a Tree:
• Ribble Packaging Ltd 2018: It is estimated that a standard pine tree, with 45ft of the usable trunk and a diameter of eight inches, will produce around 10,000 sheets of paper.